New Ohio Power Siting Board Rules: Effective May 30, 2024

On July 20, 2023, the Ohio Power Siting Board (Board or OPSB) issued its determination on a comprehensive set of proposed revisions to the rules governing the procedures before the OPSB and its siting criteria. [1] The Order culminates in a multi-year process that began with a series of workshops at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and a subsequent stakeholder comment process.[2]

Following this Order, a rehearing process took place, leading to some modifications to the revised rules. A copy of the OPSB’s Order, with all rule revisions, can be accessed here, and the Order on Rehearing adopting some modifications can be accessed here; both are on the case docket (21-902-GE-BRO).

The OPSB is a state agency in Ohio responsible for siting certain energy generation and transmission infrastructure facilities that fall within the definition of a “major utility facility,” including utility-scale wind and solar projects. The following types of projects are treated as a “major utility facility” and subject to the multi-phase approval process of the OPSB:

• Energy generation facilities

Wind projects that are designed for, or capable of, operation at an aggregate capacity of five or more megawatts (MW), and all other energy generation projects that are designed for, or capable of, operation of 50 MW or more. In recent years, jurisdiction has been applied to stand-alone battery storage projects with capacity of 50 MW or greater.

• Intrastate gas pipeline

Facilities greater than 500 feet in length, with an outside diameter greater than nine inches, and designed for transporting gas at a maximum allowable pressure in excess of 125 pounds per square inch.

• Intrastate electric transmission lines

Facilities and associated facilities with a design value of 100 kilovolts or more.

The impact of the OPSB’s rules is far-reaching and impacts everyone from utility-scale solar developers to independent power producers to traditional public utilities.

Approximately two dozen stakeholders representing utilities, generation developers, consumer advocates, environmental groups, landowners, and farmers formally participated in the rulemaking process. The rules will formally take effect on May 30, 2024.  

Many of the substantive changes continue, as they were during the workshops and comment period, to be found in Ohio Administrative Code Chapter (O.A.C.) 4906-4. As a result of a merger of two current rules chapters, Chapter 4906-4 now applies to certificate applications for electric generation facilities, electric transmission lines, and intrastate gas pipelines. Many of the changes reflect the significant amount of solar development in Ohio since the last OPSB rulemaking. As a result, a number of conditions routinely found in certificates issued to solar projects in the recent past have been codified through these rules. In fact, an entire subsection of rules, O.A.C. 4906-4-09(G), applies only to renewable energy – primarily solar – applications.[3] These rules address, among other things: high wind velocity issues, stormwater management, fencing, setbacks, noxious weeds, and landscaping plans.

An outline and summary of the major rule revisions within each chapter is included immediately below.[4]

O.A.C. 4906-1: General Provisions

The rule revisions in this chapter are primarily limited to a handful of definitions in Section 4906-1-01, summarized as follows:

• Definition of “Brownfield” (4906-1-01(H)): The revised rules add a definition of “brownfield,” which has the same meaning as listed in division (D) of section 122.65 of the Revised Code.
• Definition of “Capacity” (4906-01-01(I)): The revised rules add a definition of “capacity,” which means the maximum electric output a generator can produce, and in the case of an electric storage resource can store for later output back to the grid, under specific conditions, and that is reflected as installed capacity in any system impact study conducted by PJM.
• Definition of “Generation” (4906-1-01(AA)): The revised rules add a definition of “generation,” which means the process of producing electrical energy by transforming other forms of energy.
• Definition of “Project Area” (4906-1-01(JJ)): The revised rules modify and broaden the definition of “project area” to mean all land that contains components of the facility, as well as any real property for which land rights are required to be secured to construct and operate the facility.
• Definition of “Route” (4906-1-01(MM)): The revised rules add a definition of “route,” which means, in the case of a proposed electric transmission line or gas pipeline, a proposed centerline and a proposed distance from each side of the centerline, with such total distance not to exceed the proposed right-of-way width. Route width may vary along the proposed electric transmission line or gas pipeline, as specified in the application.
• Definition of “Sensitive Receptors” (4906-1-01(OO)):The revised rules define “sensitive receptors” as any occupied building.

O.A.C. 4906-2: Procedure in Cases before the OPSB

This chapter contains the procedural standards for proceedings before the Board. There are no significant changes to these rules.

O.A.C. 4906-3: Certificate Applications Generally

This chapter sets forth the procedural requirements for filing a standard certificate application to the OPSB. The primary changes by the OPSB in this chapter are summarized below.

• Longer Pre-application Notification Period and New Website Requirements (4906-3-03(A)): The revised rule requires a pre-application notification letter be filed with the Board at least 21 days prior to any public information meeting, which is an increase from the prior requirement of 15 days. The revised rule also requires the applicant to prominently post certain information on its website prior to filing the letter.
• Additional Public Informational Meeting (4906-3-03): Applicants will be required to hold two public informational meetings instead of one. The first meeting may be held at any point, and the second meeting must be held within 90 days prior to the application with the OPSB. The first of these informational meetings should notify the public and solicit input on the scope of the project. The second of these informational meetings should present the project to the public in a manner consistent with what will be included in the application.
  • The revised rule also includes additional notice requirements, as well as the procedure for the applicant to incorporate county revisions to the project boundaries under Ohio Senate Bill 52.[5]
  • At the public informational meeting, applicants must include mapping software with aerial imagery that contains layers representing facility components along with sensitive receptors and address search capabilities.
• Fully Developed Site or Route Information (4906-3-05): This rule revision clarifies that the alternative route for an electric transmission line or gas pipeline need not be fully developed as part of the application filing.
• Appeal of Completeness Determination (4906-3-06(A)): If an application is deemed “incomplete” after the preliminary completeness review, the revised rules clarify that the applicant may seek a redetermination by an administrative law judge.
• Staff Report to Address “Public Interest” (4906-3-06(C)(2)): This rule is revised to expressly require the OPSB Staff Report to include recommended findings with regard to R.C. 4906.10(A)(6), which requires that a project must be determined to be in the “public interest” to be granted a certificate.
• Additional Notice of “Deemed Complete” Application (4906-3-07): Requires service of the full “deemed complete” application to the boards of county commissioners and township trustees where the project is located.
• Hearing Requirements for Amendments to Certificates (4906-3-11(B)): The situations in which an application for an amendment to a certificate requires a hearing have been modified, in part, from the existing standard of whether the changes would result in any “significant adverse” environmental impact to a new standard of whether the amendment would result in any “material increase in any” environmental impact.
• Revisions to Application Fees (4906-3-12): The revised rules propose a new requirement that an applicant pay a $10,000 fee at the time of opening a new case. The full application fee—based on construction costs for transmission lines and capacity for generation facilities —is still due upon the application being deemed “complete.” The maximum application filing fee for generation projects remains $150,000.
  • Board expenses to be applied to the application fee will now expressly include expenses associated with preapplication meetings.
  • If an associated transmission substation is included in the application for an electric power transmission line, the application fee for the substation is calculated separately and added to the filing fee for the electric power transmission line.
  • The rules also include a new schedule for filing fees for amendment applications based on the estimated construction cost of the amended portion on the facility.
• Review of Proposed Modifications to Certificated Facilities (4906-3-13(C)): The revised rules propose a process whereby an applicant may file proposed changes to a certified facility for a determination as to whether the modifications will require a formal amendment application. The revised rule specifies that modifications that “would be minimal in nature” and would be “adequately addressed by certificate conditions” will not require an amendment. The process includes notice requirements and the opportunity for OPSB Staff or other stakeholders to file objections to the proposal.
• Preconstruction Requirements (4906-3-14): The revisions specify that preconstruction engineering drawings must be filed to the public docket and require additional mapping files that must be provided to Staff prior to the preconstruction conference. At least seven days prior to a preconstruction conference, the applicant must file a table listing each preconstruction condition deliverable, the corresponding condition number, status of compliance and date on which the compliance was filed.
• Change in Corporate Structure (4906-3-15): This revised rule requires that, within 30 days of any change to the immediate owners of the corporate structure that was presented in the application and approved as part of a certificate issued by the Board, the holder of a certificate must file notification of the change.
• Transfer of Certificate (4906-3-16): Applications requesting a transfer of a certificate to another person, are deemed approved and effective 30 days after the filing, unless otherwise ordered by the OPSB or an administrative law judge.

O.A.C. 4906-4: Certificate Application for Electric Power Transmission Lines, and Gas Pipelines (formerly the chapter for “Electric Generation Facilities”)

• Interactive Map on Website (4906-4-03(B)): Electric generation facility applications are required to post an interactive map on the project’s website containing a two-mile radius from the project area and showing certain project characteristics, at least 14 days before the first public informational meeting.
• Project Description (4906-4-03(B)(3)): Applications may show indicative examples of the equipment to be used in the project. The actual component information shall be provided when selected and prior to the commencement of construction and shall not cause an increase in impacts associated with the preliminary maximum site plan. (In the case of a wind farm, final component selections shall not exceed the disclosed maximum turbine hub height, tip height, rotor diameter, and blade length.)
• Project Selection Information (4906-4-04(A)): Applicants must show all siting constraints in the project map and describe all public involvement that was undertaken in the site/route selection process, including a description of how many and what types of comments were received.
• Decommissioning and Complaint Resolution Requirements (4906-4-06): For solar facilities, the rules incorporate the decommissioning standards put into place by Ohio Senate Bill 52. The rules incorporate the complaint resolution plan requirements for electric generation facilities, including an ongoing quarterly reporting requirement for the facility’s first five years of operations.
• Additional Details on Environmental Regulatory Compliance (4906-4-07(E)): The revisions modify and add to the rules concerning compliance with aviation-related regulations, as well as requesting additional discussion within the application on stormwater controls and erosion minimization efforts, the disposition of contaminated soil, and dusty or muddy soil conditions.
• Application Information on Noise Impacts (4906-4-08(A)(3)): The revisions require a description of noise from maintenance of the facility, in addition to operation and construction. This must include an estimate of the nature of any intermittent, recurring, or “particularly annoying sounds.”
• Application Information on Water Impacts (4906-4-08(A)(4)): The revisions require that “potential” impacts to public and private water supplies due to construction and operation of the proposed facility be identified. The rules add a minimum one-mile radius around the project area for mapping aquifers, water wells, and drinking water source protection areas.
• Geological Features (4906-4-08(A)(5)): The revisions create a new requirement that a preliminary grading plan that estimates the maximum graded acreage be included in the application. The revisions include additional information concerning the mapping of the project area’s geologic features, such as abandoned underground mines. Additional information includes describing the suitability of the soils for foundation construction and areas with slopes that exceed twelve percent (12%) and/or highly erodible soils and providing the results and initial analysis of preliminary test borings.
• Application Information on Electric and Magnetic Fields (4906-4-08(A)(14)):  The revisions include requirements for describing electric and magnetic fields if the transmission or substations are in proximity to residential structures.
• Ecological Information (4906-4-08(B)): The proposed revisions include additional requirements for ecological information to be shown on maps, including the addition of areas of proposed vegetative clearing and sensitive habitat or young rearing areas of species identified as potentially impacted by the project through coordination with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in the project area, if present.
  • The proposed rules include additional ecological information requirements in the application, in a description of the probable impact of the construction of the proposed facility on the vegetation and surface waters and additional description of potential impacts to sensitive species.
  • The proposed rules also codify the common permit requirements for the applicant to take steps to prevent the establishment and/or further propagation of noxious weeds.
• Cultural Resources (4906-4-08(D)): Applications must include a description of any studies used to determine the location of cultural resources within the area of potential effects, as well as correspondence with the state historic preservation office. Additional requirements about avoidance and mitigation of impacts to cultural resources are also included.
• Drain Tile Avoidance and Repair (4906-4-08(E)): Applicants shall describe and map knowable field drainage systems, demonstrate how impacts to those systems will be avoided or mitigated, and describe how damaged drainage systems will promptly be repaired to original conditions. The applicant must also provide a description of data sources and methods used to obtain information for field drainage system mapping.
  • The revised rules also include requirements to benchmark existing drain tiles in consultation with property owners, the county soil and water conservation district, and the county.

*O.A.C. Section 4906-4-09, which previously only applied to wind projects, was expanded to apply to “renewable energy generation facilities.” This section also contains rules specific to solar facilities and wind facilities, O.A.C 4906-4-09(G) and (H), respectively.*

• Geotechnical Information (Applicable only to “Renewable Energy Facilities”) (4906-4-09(A)(2)): Under these rule revisions, the applicant shall provide a preliminary geotechnical exploration and evaluation to confirm that there are no issues to preclude development of the facility, including, but not limited to: borings, test pits and/or subsurface samples at the substation(s), overhead collection line pole locations, and representative samples of the project area.
• Vegetation Management and Monitoring (Applicable only to “Renewable Energy Facilities”) (4906-4-09(A)(3)): The applicant shall provide annual proof of weed control for the first four (4) years of operation of the facility, with the goal of weed eradication significantly completed by year three of operation.
  • Applicants must also minimize, to the extent practicable, clearing that would lead to fragmentations of isolated woodlots and connecting corridors.
• Onsite Environmental Specialist (Applicable only to “Renewable Energy Facilities”) (4906-4-09(D)(5)): This rule requires that applicants shall have a Staff-approved environmental specialist on site during construction activities that may affect sensitive areas. The environmental specialist shall have the authority to stop construction at the location where a sensitive impact is unexpectedly encountered for up to 48 hours after any incident that is reported to Staff.
• Noise Standards (Applicable only to “Renewable Energy Facilities”) (4906-4-09(E)): The existing noise standard is revised to require that the project’s noise contributions do not result in noise levels at any non-participating sensitive receptor within one mile of the project boundary that exceed 40 dBA or the project area ambient daytime and nighttime average sound level (L50) by five A-weighted decibels.
• High Wind Velocities (Applicable only to solar facility applications) (4906-4-09(G)(1)): Applicants must provide an analysis of high wind velocities for the area, including the probability of occurrences and likely consequences of various wind velocities, and describe plans to mitigate any likely adverse consequences.
• Stormwater Management (Applicable only to solar facility applications) (4906-4-09(G)(2)): This rule requires that the solar facility is constructed in a manner that incorporates post construction stormwater management in accordance with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s guidance on post-construction stormwater controls for solar panel arrays.
• Fencing (Applicable only to solar facility applications) (4906-4-09(G)(3)): Solar panel perimeter fence type is to be both small-wildlife permeable and aesthetically fitting for a rural location. Such fencing requirement does not apply to substation fencing governed by the National Electric Safety Code or other similar safety code standards applicable to substations.
• Setbacks (Applicable only to solar facility applications) (4906-4-09(G)(4)): This is new and critical to the siting of solar projects in Ohio. The rule requires developers to incorporate a minimum setback from the project’s solar modules of (i) at least 50 feet from non-participating parcel boundaries, (ii) at least 300 feet from non-participating residences existing as of the application filing date, and (iii) at least 150 feet from the edge of pavement of any state, county or township road within or adjacent to the project area.
• Landscape Plans (Applicable only to solar facility applications) (4906-4-09(G)(5)): The application is to include a landscape plan in consultation with a landscape architect licensed by the Ohio Landscape Architects Board that addresses the aesthetic impacts of the facility on adjacent residential non-participating properties, the traveling public, nearby communities and recreationalists through measures such as shrub plantings or enhanced pollinator plantings, and be in harmony with the existing vegetation and viewshed in the area. Such vegetative screening is to be maintained for the life of the facility.
• Impacts to Communications (Applicable only to wind facility applications) (4906-4-09(H)(4)): The revised rules require a microwave path study to be included in the application. The rules include a number of requirements for this study, including use of an independent and registered surveyor and design standards to avoid microwave path interference.

O.A.C. 4906-5: Certificate Applications for Electric Transmission Lines and Gas Pipelines

This chapter was rescinded and the content of the rules merged into OAC Chapter 4906-4.

O.A.C. 4906-6: Accelerated Certificate Applications

This chapter contains rules applicable to the accelerated application processes available to certain projects. In all, the changes to this chapter are very minor.

• Requests for Expedited Treatment (4906-6-04): This rule establishes a pre-application process, including the opening of a case docket and filing of a pre-application notification letter with certain project information at least five business days prior to filing the accelerated application.

O.A.C. 4906-7: Procedure / Compliance Monitoring and Reporting

This chapter contains rules for compliance monitoring of projects certified by the OPSB. In this rulemaking, the OPSB proposes new rules implementing an annual reporting requirement, process for the reporting of violations and self-reporting of incidents, and compliance site review. Some highlights are below:

• Annual Reporting Requirement (4906-7-04): For the first three years after an electric generation facility certified by the OPSB begins commercial operation, the certificate holder will docket, in its certificate case, an annual report (due each year by April 30) that addresses significant monitoring and mitigation activities, compliance with all certificate conditions, any facility modifications, status of surety information, and an incident summary.
• Reporting Violations (4906-7-05): This rule requires that a certificate holder, within 30 days of discovery, file a written report of any certificate violation. Under the rule, the OPSB Staff will investigate any such violations.
• Self-Reporting of Incidents (4906-7-06): This rule establishes reporting obligations within 30 days of discovering an “incident.” Under the rule, an “incident” includes 1) injury to any person that requires medical treatment beyond first aid; 2) damage to property other than the property leased or owned the facility operator; and 3) damage to the facility operator’s property that is estimated to exceed $50,000.00, excluding the cost of electricity lost, which is the sum of the estimated cost of material, labor, and equipment to repair and/or replace the operator’s damaged property. In the Order on Rehearing, OPSB specified that this rule only applies to solar generation facilities.
  • The rule outlines the information that must be contained in the report. Under the rule, OPSB Staff will investigate reported incidents and is required to make its initial visit to review any damaged property within three business days of the reported incident. A facility involved in a reportable incident under this rule cannot restart or resume construction as to any damaged property within a facility until such action is approved by the Board's executive director or the executive director’s designee, pursuant to a process established in rule.
• Compliance Site Review (4906-7-07): Certificate holders must allow board representatives to inspect the operations of a certified facility at any time. Inspections may include, but are not limited to, all materials, activities, related or supporting facilities, premises, and records pertaining to construction, operation and maintenance of the facility. When practical, inspections will occur with prior reasonable notice to the certificate holder such that its representative may accompany Staff during any inspection.

Ohio Power Siting Board Finalizes Rule Revisions Following Multi-Year Process

The adopted rules are subject to rehearing if requested within thirty days of issuance. In the meantime, the Board must file the adopted rules with the Joint Committee on Agency Rule Review (JCARR), the Secretary of State, and the Legislative Service Commission in accordance with R.C. 111.15(D) and (E). JCARR will review the proposed rules to determine whether the Board exceeded its delegated authority and hold a public committee hearing. [6] If JCARR determines that it will not make a recommendation to invalidate the rules or parts of it, then it will be sent to the Secretary of State for enrollment. The adopted rules will then be effective when enrolled.

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1. In the Matter of the Ohio Power Siting Board’s Review of Ohio Adm. Code Chapters 4906-1, 4906-2, 4906-3, 4906-4, 4906-5, 4906-6, and 4906-7, Case No. 21-902-GE-BRO.
2. Resources, including stakeholder comments, from these previous workshops can be accessed at:
   https://opsb.ohio.gov/rules/opsb-rule-review.
3. Similarly, subsection 4906-4-09(H) applies only to wind energy facilities. These wind-specific rules address impacts on communications, post-construction avian and bat monitoring, turbine adjustments during migratory seasons, and turbine surfaces.
4. This summary and outline does not capture every single change to the rules but does seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the primary substantive changes.
5. Passed in 2021, Senate Bill 52 modified the siting process for certain wind and solar facilities, including implementing county-level review of these projects. More about SB 52 can be accessed here.
6. More details about the criteria that JCARR follows in its review can be found here. JCARR possesses jurisdiction for 65 days from the date of the original filing or 30 days from the date of refiling, which would be necessary in the case of a rehearing.